修复一块 18 年 12 月买的二手 4TB 机械硬盘
18 年开始自组软路由的硬件，后面入了 PT 的坑，在 18 年 12 月购买了一块二手 4TB 机械硬盘。
这 5 年多，我的软路由一直比较稳定的运行着，期间有过几次因为二手电源而淘气，后面换了一个全新的长城 200w 电源解决。
但是这块硬盘也没有让人省心，除了日常读取它上面的数据时能清晰的感受到里面磁头开始转动的声音，有时候写大量数据还产生豆子沙沙的声音。
而且有过好多次因为硬盘问题导致 OpenWrt 系统无法启动。
最近这块磁盘“掉盘”了，看了一下 OpenWrt 上有硬件设备，但是无法挂载到挂载点。里面还有以前存储的所有照片和视频，虽然这些照片和视频都被我备份到了我 immich server 上，但是缺少一份文件冷备份。
今天就试图修复这块盘，让它重新在 OpenWrt 上恢复读写能力。
磁盘分区 /dev/sdb1 无法挂载到 mount point /mnt/ThreeTB
使用 df 检查，确实没有挂载成功
[root@dk-router:10:44 AM /mnt/ThreeTB] # df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root squashfs 64.8M 64.8M 0 100% /rom
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 26.3M 1.9G 1% /tmp
/dev/loop0 f2fs 445.4M 175.2M 270.2M 39% /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay overlay 445.4M 175.2M 270.2M 39% /
/dev/sdc1 ext4 15.7M 12.0K 15.4M 0% /boot
/dev/sdc1 ext4 15.7M 12.0K 15.4M 0% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 512.0K 0 512.0K 0% /dev
/dev/sda1 ext4 3.6T 211.6G 3.2T 6% /mnt/four
/dev/sdd1 ext4 457.4G 193.5G 240.6G 45% /mnt/FiveOO
/dev/sde1 ext4 2.7T 2.4T 108.9G 96% /mnt/ThreeTB2
/dev/sdc1 ext4 15.7M 12.0K 15.4M 0% /mnt/sdc1使用 smartctl 查看硬盘健康状态，居然是 PASSED，说明还能挣扎一下 😏️
[root@dk-router:10:45 AM /mnt/ThreeTB] # smartctl -H /dev/sdb1
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.58] (localbuild)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED使用 fsck 检查时，确保磁盘设备没有挂载上。求稳还是执行一下 umount /dev/sdb1
[root@dk-router:10:56 AM /mnt/ThreeTB] # fsck.ext
fsck.ext2 fsck.ext3 fsck.ext4
[root@dk-router:10:56 AM /mnt/ThreeTB] # fsck.ext
fsck.ext2 fsck.ext3 fsck.ext4
[root@dk-router:10:56 AM /mnt/ThreeTB] # umount /dev/sdb1
umount: /dev/sdb1: not mounted.因为磁盘文件系统格式是 ext4，所以使用 fsck.ext4 /dev/sdb1 命令
[root@dk-router:10:59 AM /mnt/ThreeTB] # fsck.ext4 /dev/sdb1
e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
/dev/sdb1: recovering journal
Error reading block 365987992 (I/O error). Ignore error<y>? yes
Force rewrite<y>? yes
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812391 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524291104 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812399 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 525338144 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812385 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812395 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812389 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524815392 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812392 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812384 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524813344 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812408 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812383 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 702552096 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812401 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812407 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 702552608 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812403 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524814880 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812398 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812397 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812393 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524292128 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524288095 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524288097 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524288096 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812388 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 525336608 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812406 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812402 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812404 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524291616 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812386 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812409 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524817952 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812387 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524816416 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524819488 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812396 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524292640 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524818464 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524818976 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524289056 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812832 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524288094 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812411 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524290592 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524293152 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524293664 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524295712 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524820000 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 525338656 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524812394 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524813856 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524289568 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524290080 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524814368 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524815904 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 524295200 in log
JBD2: Invalid checksum recovering data block 525337632 in log
Journal checksum error found in /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Inode 131072602 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131072627 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131072974 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131072986 extent tree (at level 2) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131073020 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131073033 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131073054 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131073057 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize ('a' enables 'yes' to all) <y>? yes
Inode 131073077 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize ('a' enables 'yes' to all) <y>? yes
Inode 131073095 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize ('a' enables 'yes' to all) <y>? yes
Inode 131073107 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize ('a' enables 'yes' to all) <y>? yes
Inode 131073113 extent tree (at level 2) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131073126 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131073129 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131203700 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204106 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204124 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204136 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204142 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204198 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204208 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204279 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204285 extent tree (at level 2) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204295 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204346 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204355 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204371 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204393 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204405 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204413 extent tree (at level 2) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204415 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204435 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204453 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204457 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204471 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204483 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204489 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204558 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204655 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204666 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131204667 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131334149 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 131334152 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132908866 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132908867 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132908902 extent tree (at level 2) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132909521 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132909755 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132910044 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132910190 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132910212 extent tree (at level 2) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132910341 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Inode 132910363 extent tree (at level 1) could be narrower. Optimize<y>? yes
Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
/lost+found not found. Create<y>? yes
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sdb1: ** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED **
/dev/sdb1: 47029/183148544 files (2.7% non-contiguous), 666008011/732566385 blocks跟着终端操作输入 y 即可
最后那段日志，说明
fsck.ext4 命令完成了对文件系统的修复过程。每个步骤的解释：（来自 ChatGPT）
- Pass 1E: 优化范围树（extent trees）：这个步骤优化了文件系统中的范围树结构，以提高性能和效率。
- Pass 2: 检查目录结构：这个步骤检查文件系统中的目录结构是否正确，确保文件和目录的层次结构正确无误。
- Pass 3: 检查目录连通性：这个步骤检查文件系统中的目录之间的连接是否正确，确保文件和目录之间的关联关系正确无误。
- /lost+found 未找到。创建
? yes：这个步骤是在文件系统中创建一个 /lost+found 目录，用于存放在修复过程中找到的孤立文件或目录。 - Pass 4: 检查引用计数：这个步骤检查文件系统中文件和目录的引用计数，确保每个文件和目录都有正确的引用计数。
- Pass 5: 检查组摘要信息：这个步骤检查文件系统中每个组的摘要信息，确保文件系统的整体状态正确无误。
- /dev/sdb1: 文件系统已被修改 ：这个提示表示文件系统已经被修改，意味着 fsck.ext4 命令成功修复了文件系统中的问题。
- /dev/sdb1: 47029/183148544 个文件（2.7% 非连续），666008011/732566385 个块：这个提示提供了修复后文件系统的统计信息，包括修复的文件数量、非连续文件的百分比以及修复的块数量。
综上所述，您的文件系统已经成功修复，并且修复后的文件系统处于可用状态。
然后通过 OpenWrt luci 界面重启了挂载点服务，url 路径是 luci/admin/system/mounts
挂载成功！开心
再通过 samba 看到了以前备份的这些照片视频文件，看着往日用摄像头记录下的回忆，很感动。
之前把我 23 年 618 购买的机械革命无界 14 pro 加装了一块致态 tiplus 7100 2TB m2 固态，之前安装了 deepin，时隔半年多，我决定重新装上 debian12，也装上 DE 环境，但是大部分场景作为服务器使用。
在我装上 debian 12 之后，立马使用 nfs 连上 OpenWrt 上的这块磁盘开启的 nfs 服务，通过 rsync 把这些照片视频冷备份到了 致态 tiplus 7100 固态硬盘上面。
安心了，很爽快。因为这块固态性能还不错，我在手机上使用 Solid Explorer 或者 mac 上通过腾讯看图浏览里面的照片和视频，速度上明显快了 n 个数量级。还是固态香啊。
这块机械硬盘修复成功，存储占的满是因为里面放了好几年前下载的 imdb top 250，这个我记得就有 2.x TB 了。
好了就这些了，如果你对文中所描述的任何事物感兴趣，欢迎和我讨论。